Challenge Of Cultural Relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenge Of Cultural Relativism - Essay Example Consequently, the principles or moral relativism are inconsistent in providing the individual and society requirements in regards to respecting other communities’ ways of life. Rachels states that â€Å"There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one society’s code as better than another’s (618). There are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times†. In this statement consistency cannot be maintained in all situations. The principle depicts that the individual perception is greater that the perception of the society. For this reason, there is no standard moral codes that can satisfy the perception requirements of every person (Gad 77). However, the society of a person is the creator of the requirements a person should abide by regardless of their internal perception. The concept of cultural relativisms only applies at the scope of an entire society but not for individuals. For this reason, Rachel’s statement does not depict a consistent way from which a moral truth can be identified. Firstly, the statement may create a probability that the society may create what may be perceived as right or wrong. On the other hand, a person’s point of view may also depict what is right or wrong. In the statement that â€Å"It is arrogant for us to try to judge other cultures. We should always be tolerant of them† (Rachels 618), there is great inconsistency. This is based on that one society’s perception of the truth may differ from another, thus creating a rift from the two points of view. Justification of a society’s moral code must be accompanied by criticism on perceptions that may contradict the moral codes. Consequently, if a society is in disapproval of a particular behaviour, they have a duty to pass judgment on anyone practicing the behaviour. Wong is of the assumption that the differences in beliefs embraced by different societies make it necessary to judge activities based

Final Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Final Review - Assignment Example a. In his book, Momaday has brought up a unique platform and from this one can view the cultural history of the Kiowa people. Through this book, Momaday has been able to bring out his own sense of background. The book has been structured to bring out a sense of purpose for Momaday who is a Kiowa Indian in the sense that he was born of that origin. Though he was born into that culture, he received his education in the American way. The book is structured to bring out the ancestral heritage of the Kiowa Indians, and in his own way he has constructed this in his book through the dominant culture, his own memory of the events and also, his imagination so that the structure of the book can come out right. He has managed to bring out the origin of the Kiowa people, their development of their own culture and how they still exist up to date. He has managed to carry on the mantel of their tradition (Momaday, 45). b. The way to the rainy mountain is a book written by Momaday who tells of his a ncestor’s, the Kiowa Indians and their origin, their cultures and tradition and also how they still exist today through imagination and through writing about them (Momaday, 12). The genre of this book is Folklore, which basically means that it mainly consists of legends, oral history, jokes, proverbs, popular beliefs, stories and customs. The absolutely true diary of a part time Indian is a book about a young Indian who grew up on a reservation and decided to go to a white school where he starts being treated as an outcast. The book tells of his struggle to gain his status both in school and at the reservation. The genre of this book is young-adult fiction in that it is one targeted for adolescents and young adults (Sherman, 14). c. Wampum can be described as the sacred shell beads that were traditionally used by the Eastern Woodlands tribes. These were the indigenous people of North America. They were at times used as currency during the colonist’s period. They were s ignificant in terms of being used as a symbol for tradition like in marriages. Some of the uses include being used to mark exchanges such as in marriages, engagements and also agreements in terms of betrothal. Question 2 Historical events would likely to have been interpreted from a Native American point of view rather than an Anglo American point of view because in the real sense, Native Americans were the initially the inventors of most traditions and those traditions still exist and thus, their experience is much more exhibited. Native Americans and their history have become the interest of many people, both Indians and non-Indians alike. There is an interesting fact about discussing the history of Indians and thus it brings out an informative and appealing manner to their history (Mary, 22). a. When the congress unilaterally decided to stop making treaties with the Native Nations and forced assimilation, there were many effects and affects that followed. There was the assassinat ion of resistance leaders and also some of the leaders were separated from their people and imprisoned in certain remote facilities like Fort Marion. Geronimo was among those imprisoned (Geronimo, 45). b. The Native Americans would classify the

Analysis of Personnel selling

Analysis of Personnel selling Personnel selling: selling through person to person communications process. (Belch and Belch 2009:593). A personnel selling is different from other communication forms, presented in the message flow from sender to a receiver to directly face to face (Belch and Belch 2009:593). Thomas Wotruba, had a point of view toward personnel selling evolvement, he believes that personnel selling evolves as marketing environment evolves. (Belch and Belch 2009:595). Personal selling consists of personal selling evolutions, which are: Provider stage: selling activities are limited to accepting orders for the suppliers available offering and conveying it to the buyer. (Belch and Belch 2009:595). Retailers such as Carrefour, spinneys, Awlad Ghanem, will order from Nestle Elite tea, so that they can sell it to consumers. Persuader stage: Market members buy suppliers offering because selling encourages this attempt. (Belch and Belch 2009:595). Nestle will convince retailers to buy their products, by giving them offers such as buy 10 elite black tea boxes and take 1 free, and buy 20 elite black tea boxes and take 25% discount on one of the ten boxes. Prospector stage: Searching for buyers who needs offering, also resources and authority to purchase it. (Belch and Belch 2009:595). Nestle should search for customers who are willing to take their Elite tea offers and willing to purchase their products. Problem solver stage: Selling requires buyers participation, to discover their problems which can be turned into needs. (Belch and Belch 2009:595). Nestle should get feedback if there is a problem, so that they can fix it, and then try to convert it into positive purchase. Procreator stage: creating a special offer to match the needs of the buyer with all the aspects of the sellers marketing mix. (Belch and Belch 2009:595). Nestle must search the problems of the buyer and need and creates an offer which will be suitable with customers. The information that we are trying to send to customers is that elite tea is different from any other product in the market and that it delivers a royal experience and taste to who consumes it. Ways of carrying out this information to customers is: Advertisements Telephone selling Face to face selling Personal selling Product: Elite tea can be explained by the seller by saying the benefits of it and what experience will the customer feel after drinking a cup, mainly it will be an emotional motivator. And the amount of advertising and events that we will going to generate to increase the demand of the product that will raise comfort for the customer in the purchasing process. Price: The price is negotiable because it is set based on the rate of purchasing of the customer. That we give for the sales person (spokes person) a range that he can offer the customer more preofable prices. reselling price (sales out) selling price (sales in)    15 12.75-13.25 elite black tea 100 tb 5 2.75-3 elite black tea 25 tb 16 13.5-14 elite green tea 100 tb 4.75 3-3.25 elite green tea 25 tb 36 27-28 elite earl grey tea 100 tb 17 13-14 elite English early breakfast 100 tb 6.25 3.25-3.75 elite English early breakfast 25 tb 19.25 15.5-16 elite dust tea 250 G 11 7.5-8 elite dust tea 100 G Channels: As Nestle divides the market into two sectors traditional trade and modern trade as elite tea is a high quality product and targeting upper social classes, so sales force will be focusing on a specific on modern trade and more specifically in the (MT) will be supermarkets and hypermarkets. And in traditional trade they will focus on groceries in class A areas Modern channels, is selling our products through intermediary retailers whom use new ways of presenting the product such as Carrefour and spinneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, these types of distributors require special training on how to represent the product and how to convince consumers on buying it by cooperating with the promotion department. Traditional channels, is selling our products through intermediary retailers whom use old fixed ways of presenting the product these are small grocery stores located everywhere, they do not need special training. Advertising is very effective as it delivers the message to targeted customers in an entertaining way but sometimes the message could be unclear leading to a misunderstanding. Therefore personal selling can help by providing an individual in modern channel distributors whom can help and explain what the product offers to increase sales and customers perception. We can measure sales results by: Orders Sales volume in each distributor Sales calls Personal selling and PR: PR helps personal selling in a great way as it can create an image for the brand in the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mind that will assist sales of the product, one way is the project carried out by the PR department which donates 50 piaster from each pack of tea sold to help under developed communities. Our sales depend on the skills of our force and how they can influence the consumers in buying our TEA. Personal selling Responsibilities: Locating prospective customers: Nestle should try searching for new customers, Nestle sales people must target and hold on to the customers who will be beneficial. Determining customers needs and wants: sales people in nestle collect information on the customers and take decision on how to approach them, the sales person in nestle should identify the needs and wants of the customers, and should be sure that customers are able to purchase the product. Recommending a way to satisfy the customers needs and wants: Sales person in Nestle should get feedback on customers, to see if they have any problems with the product, and what solutions could they offer to satisfy them. Demonstrating the capabilities of the firm and its products: Sales person in this stage demonstrates the beneficial points of Elite tea and why should customers choose Nestle. Closing the sale: This is the most difficult step, because not all sales people are able to convince the customers to buy the product. So in Nestle we try to train our sales force to successfully close the sales. Following up and servicing the account: Our responsibility doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t end once we sell the product, Nestle tries to keeps its customers satisfied by selling extra products.

Controversies Over Technology in Early Childhood Classrooms Essay

Controversies Over Technology in Early Childhood Classrooms The role of technology in early childhood education is a controversial topic to both teachers and parents. The main concerns of both teachers and parents is the potential benefits for young children’s learning and development.. Supporters and non-supporters agree on the importance of young children’s social, emotional, cognitive and physical development. Supporters feel children should have the opportunity to use the computer as another tool to aide in and encourage their development. Non-supporters agree the computer may be a useful tool for young children but feel many teachers may not be using the computers in the best way to promote a healthy development in the child. They also contend that introducing the computer takes away from important learning experiences such as play and art (NWREL, 2001). School programs are now working on ways to better integrate computers into the classrooms in order to offer the young children the opportunities to develop the necessary skills to grow as students (Gimbert, 2004). The purpose of this research paper is to examine the controversies that surround technology use in early childhood classrooms. Introducing Technology into the Classroom Properly introducing technology into early childhood classrooms is the first and crucial step in producing a new and useful tool for students to use to enhance their learning. Many researchers do not recommend introducing computers to children young than three because they are not developmentally ready ((Haugland, 2000). It is useful to start off introducing a computer to young children in a group setting because it is general information all children need to know. The teacher may begi... ...about the different ways in which young children experience computers in the classroom setting. It included a study done of kindergarteners from about 22,000 different public and private schools and examined they availability of computers to these children. Romeo, G. (2003). Touching the screen: issues related to the use of touch screen technology in early childhood education. British journal of educational technology, 3, 329-339. In this Journal there was a study performed on early childhood students and their reaction to touch screen computers. The results were more negative rather than positive proving that it was more productive to use the mouse and keyboard for young children. Shade, D. (1999). Integrating technology into the early childhood classroom: the case of literacy learning. Information technology in Childhood Education Annual. 1999, 221-254.

Persuasion, Manipulation, and Seduction as Related to Human Communication Essay

Johnson 2 Since the beginning of the human race, human have use some sort of influence to get other to do what they want them to do. The earliest example of this can be seen in the Garden of Eden, where Adam was influenced to eat from the forbidden fruit. For the purpose of this paper we will attempt to compare the effect of persuasion, manipulation, and seduction as it relates to human communication. Much of human communication involves attempts to influence. It is done verbally and non-verbally, consciously and unconsciously, honestly and deceitfully. Some people may be swayed with reason and logic or by emotions and character. There is no doubt that the power to persuade is a coveted tool for anyone regardless of how they wish to use it. However, beyond simple persuasion are other acts of influence that are just as powerful. The terms persuasion, manipulation, and seduction are sometimes used interchangeable when describing influential behavior (Newell, 2010). Persuasion is the act of influencing others, who are conscious of the intent, through communication. That is they are conscious that attempted influencing is taking place. Also it is under the assumed umbrella of free will meaning that there is no form of duress or outside pressure involved that would force influence. While persuasion is an act that takes place between at least two conscious parties, manipulation happens when the side being influenced is not aware of it. That is a human is programmed over time to execute everyday decisions mindlessly based on the expected behavior of themselves and others. Manipulation takes place when a conscious person triggers an automatic response from an unconscious thinker. The art of seduction, as it is often described, is a kin to persuasion as its intent to influence is known. What sets it apart, Johnson 3 however, is the influencer (seducer) is setup to be the object of desire that will complete the missing parts of audience so that they may be complete (Codoban, 2006). Seduction is also a form of manipulation as it draws upon social programming and natural responses of people. As the tern is used mostly in the relationships of a man and a woman (or sexual preference), there are many programmed and natural responses that take place when a seducer successfully makes themselves the object of another’s desire (Newell, 2006). Sometimes the lines may be blurred when influencing takes place. There are definite moral stigmas attached to each of these influencing techniques. While persuasion has a broad connotation of simple attempts of influence to any audiences, manipulation and seduction have specific undertones of being immoral (Newell, 2006). Modern day persuasive devices are all around us and not all are as obvious as we they are, they can be very subtle. There are many ways in which people work to persuade. In advertising, commercials, magazines, movies, and political campaigns often times we see more empty promises, which classifies much of what we see in those arenas as seduction. On the other hand some of what we see in politics and marketing are closer to manipulation than seduction (Tuenge, 2010). Examples of manipulative devices given by Codoban (2006) were as follow, reciprocity, the consistency mechanism and social proof principle (p. 153-154).

The Shawshank Redemption

Adrian Sanchez Intro to Film 1 Sharri Hefner 4/20/13 Shawshank Redemption The Shawshank Redemption is a drama film released in 1994 written and directed by Frank Darabont. The overall theme of The Shawshank Redemption is the burden of isolation and imprisonment. Each of the inmates inside Shawshank Prison is locked up metaphorically as well as literally. Most prisoners in Shawshank redemption are there for life sentences. All that time behind the walls have changed the way the prisoners think and how they live.The young prisoners always say they are innocent when they are truly guilty. But Red, (played by Morgan Freeman) admits that he is guilty after spending 40 years in jail. The time he had to think about what he did is what led him to confess the truth. This is just one example of what all those years of isolation does to a person. The formal elements, camera, and the narrative is what I will use to prove the theme. The overall look and feel of the film is dark until the ending. The mise-en-scene of shawshank prison is unjust and shady.The design and characters help shape the mise-en-scene as an unjust and shady prison system. The design of shawshank looks like an old school dark sort of tower as you can see when andy first arrives to the prison. The costume is spot on in this movie. The officers uniforms look very intimidating as the prisoners uniforms look very dirty and plain. The warden is also dressed nice throughout the movie always in a suit. They use this to differentiate the high class and the lower class. The higher class is always controlling the lower class and accessing their dominance.They instill fear in their prisoners by abusing them and beating them which is very unfair. Years of being in that sort of environment can cause some prisoners to go crazy. Imagine going through that and witnessing that type of abuse every day of your life? Its going to have a huge effect on your brain mentally. This type of abuse makes a prisoner feel trapped an d even more isolated. Also the camera helps dictate the feeling of isolation and imprisonment. The camera is key to the theme. The camera shots and angles help make the viewer see how it feels to be isolated and trapped.One of my favorite shots of the movie is when andy is walking inside shawshank prison and they use a cut transition into a subjective shot where andy is looking up and seeing the tall building as hes walking inside the prison. That scene lets me know that he is already feeling trapped and he had just got there. They also use lighting to help inforce isolation and imprisonment. When Red is in his jail cell and as soon as the lights go out the lighting immediately changes and they do a close up shot to reds face and his emotion seems frightened and scared.Also when Andy gets cornered by three guys for the first time the lighting helps build shadow to make andy feel trapped. The narrative also helps shape the theme. The narrative as a whole helps dictate the theme. The characters throughout the movie feel trapped. There are different levels of isolation within the prison from the large, enclosed recreation yard to the smaller work crews down to the cellblock, cells, and, finally, solitary confinement.The prison then becomes a multilayered world that they have to live and deal with for the rest of their lifes. The sad thing is they cannot do nothing about it. When Bogs gets locked up in solitary confinement for a week the officers opened the door and said â€Å"Times up bogs† then he put on a fake grin and said â€Å"its your world boss†. This is the warden and the officers world and the prisoners are trapped in it with nothing they can do about it. They are in for so long that they get used to the prison system and this cruel world.But they forget about the life outside the bars. When brooks finds out he will be on parol he loses it. He almost kills his friend just to stay in jail. He wants to stay in jail because outside of the wall s he is nothing but inside the prison he is actually somebody. The montage of brooks when he gets out of jail is extremely sad. It depicts the negative effect on being imprisoned for a long time. When he gets out he is lost in the world. He feels even more alone then he ever was in shawshank.Being in prison for that long has negative effects on the brain. When you get used to one way of living you feel like that’s the only way to live but when you step out in the real world you are just confused and don’t know how to react to the environment. Sadly he committed suicide at the end of the montage. Also red told andy in the last scene that they were in prison together â€Å"ive been in here for most of my life. Im an institutionalized man now [†¦] In here im the guy that can get things for you. Outside all you need is the yellow pages. He is saying that he is so used to the prison that he would never survive in the real world. This futher proves my theme that isolat ion and imprisonment is a burden. You feel trapped both physically and mentally when you’re in jail for that long. Andy and red were the only ones to break through the physical and mental hurdle that many prisoners couldn’t. Others would have just given up. But andy and red had other intentions. They wanted freedom so bad they would do anything to get it. And so they did. Now that’s The Shawshank Redemption.

The Hobbit and Bilbo Essay

The Hobbit and Bilbo Essay The Hobbit and Bilbo Essay Book Report: The Hobbit The Hobbit is a book written by J.R.R. Tolkien, there were many different publishers and dates of publication, and they are: * George Allen and Unwin 1937- Great Britain. * Second Edition 1951- Great Britain. * Third Edition 1966- Great Britain. * Fourth Edition 1978- Great Britain. * Fifth Edition – Harper Collins Publishers (London, England) – (Edition that I am reading). Plot: Bilbo, a simple hobbit is smoking his pipe when all of a sudden he is visited by an old acquaintance, Gandalf the Wizard. Gandalf asks Bilbo to go on a dangerous but exiting adventure with him. As hobbits don’t really go on adventures Bilbo was confused and asked Gandalf to come back the next day. The next day came and Bilbo heard a knock at his door, he thought it was Gandalf but 13 dwarves came one by one knocking at his door before Gandalf finally came to his doorstep. The dwarves started eating and speaking of their upcoming journey to the Lonely Mountains. Long ago, there was a dragon named Smaug, he was an evil, blood drenching, and fire breathing scum of a dragon. One day Smaug chased away the dwarf’s forefathers from the Lonely Mountains, their King at that time was Thorin Oakenshields father. Thorin wanted to regain his father’s throne and all the wealthy possessions that lie in the mountain that Smaug had made a bed for. The dwarves and Gandalf want Bilbo to come along with them and to be their burglar, as Hobbits are known to be sneaky and very quiet when they have to. After some agreements on their upcoming adventure and a few captivating songs the dwarves leave for the night so they can get an early start. The next morning, Bilbo is woken up and hurried by Gandalf to join up with his fellow companions. They then begin their long and dangerous journey. Not long before they left Bilbo all of a sudden realised that he has never gone further from his home town of Hobbiton ever before. A few days later Gandalf disappea rs and does not come back for a while, this happens quite a few times throughout the book. Bilbo encountered a lot of danger, on one occasion he was faced with stealing from some trolls but was caught. This led to the rest of the group being captured. Gandalf returned in time to rescue them and defeated the trolls. The group went along and travelled to a magical, peaceful and beautiful place called Rivendell. They stayed there for a while to freshen up the supplies. After meeting Elrond who is the head of Rivendell and retrieving a map to help them on their journey, they leave and enter the mountains. The group’s path is very hard and dangerous. One day when taking shelter in a cave, they are grabbed by Goblins, except for Gandalf who disappeared. In the Great Hall of the Goblins, Gandalf reappears and kills the chief Goblin and rescues the dwarves. The group flees but Bilbo drops and is knocked out into the darkness. When he woke up, Bilbo came across a magical ring and while trying to find a way out of this dark and dreadful cave, he comes across a creature named Gollum. After talking about riddles and if Gollum was going to eat Bilbo, Bilbo escapes by putting on the ring, as the ring makes the wearer invisible, and this is also how he got past all the goblins without being noticed. After re-joining the group they encounter wolves and are forced to climb trees so they aren’t attacked. Fighting them wasn’t a choice as many goblins came afterwards. Giant eagles saw what was going on came and rescued the group. The eagles took the group to a dark forest named Mirkwood. There they stay with a man named Beorn who helps them by providing them with supplies. When they enter the forest they leave the ponies behind and Gandalf does not go along either. The forest is terrible. One day one dwarf falls into a stream that made him fall asleep which made the rest of the dwarves carry him through the forest. When nearing the end of their food and supplies they are attacked by giant