The Major Hickory Species in North America

The Major Hickory Species in North America Trees in the genus Carya (from Ancient Greek for nut) are commonly known as hickory. The worldwide hickory genus includes 17–19 species of deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves and large nuts. North America has the overwhelming edge on the  number of native hickory species, with a dozen or so (11–12 in the United States, one in Mexico), while there are five or six species from China and Indochina. The hickory tree, along with the oaks, dominates the hardwood forests of eastern North America. Identifying the Common Hickories There are six species of Carya that make up the most common hickories found in North America. They come from three major groups called shagbark (which has shaggy bark), pignut (which rarely has shaggy bark), and the pecan group. The shaggy bark is a clear identifier to separate the shagbark group from the pignut group, though some older hickories have slightly scaly bark. Hickories have a nutritious nut meat that is covered by a very hard shell, which is in turn covered by a splitting husk shell (as opposed to a larger walnut that drops with a complete husk cover). This fruit is located at the twig tips in clusters of three to five. Search for them for under a tree to help in identification. They have branching flowering catkins  just below the emerging new leaf umbrella-like dome in spring. Not all are eaten by humans. The leaves of hickory are mostly alternately placed along the twig, in contrast to a similar-looking ash tree leaf that is in an opposite arrangement. The hickory leaf is always  pinnately  compound,  and the individual leaflets can be  finely serrated or toothed. Identification While Dormant Hickory twigs have tan,  five-sided or angled soft centers called piths,  which are a major identifier. The trees bark is variable along species lines and not helpful except for loose, flaky bark on the shagbark hickory group. The trees fruit is a nut, and splitting husks are often visible under a dormant tree. Most hickory species have stout twigs with large terminal buds. Growing North American Hickory Species These large, long-lived, slow-growing deciduous trees are known for being good shade trees and feature golden color in the fall. They are difficult to transplant because of their long taproot and might be hard to find in nurseries. Their bark is a range of gray colors, whether they have shaggy bark or not, and youll find them in USDA Zones 4–9, though the pecan is found in Zones 5–9. Fruit drops from late summer into autumn. Shagbark hickory tree. Roger Smith/Getty Images Shagbark hickory, Carya ovata, is as you would imagine, a tree with shaggy bark that peels away in big pieces. Their mature height is 60–80 feet tall, with a 30–50-foot width. Leaves are  8 to 14 inches long, with five to seven leaflets  These trees are tolerant of a wide range of conditions, such as drought, acidic or alkaline soil, but do need a well-drained, large location free from salty soil. The round nut has a four-sectioned husk. Shellbark Hickory bark: Carya laciniosa. DEA/C.SAPPA/Getty Images The shellbark hickory, Carya laciniosa, is a shaggy gray-bark species. This hickory grows up to 75–100 feet tall with a 50–75-foot width. Its not tolerant of alkaline soils or drought conditions, salt spray or salty soils and needs a big area of well-draining soil. Its best grown in moist soils. Leaves are in clusters of seven to nine leaflets. Oval nuts have a five- to six-sectioned husk and are the largest of the hickory species. Carya tomentosa, Mockernut hickory. Gary Ombler/Getty Images The mockernut hickory, Carya tomentosa, reaches 50–60 feet tall and 20–30 feet wide. Its tolerant of drought but not poor drainage and is best in slightly acidic soil, as its intolerant of alkaline soils and salt in the soil. Its leaves are alternate, compound leaves with seven to nine leaflets that are hairy on the underside and the stalk; the largest will be the terminal leaf.  Its nuts ripen in fall and have four sections. Pignut hickory tree. Stan Osolinski/Getty Images The pignut hickory, Carya glabra, is a dark-gray tree that extends to 50–60 feet in height with a spread of 25–35 feet. It does well in a variety of soils. It moderately tolerates salty soil and hangs in there through drought, but it doesnt do well in areas of poor drainage. As the tree ages, the bark may appear slightly shaggy. Its alternate, compound leaves are 8 to 12 inches long with five to seven leaflets, with the one on the end being the largest. The bitter nuts are pear-shaped and have four ridges on the husks, which do not easily come off of the nut. Carya Illinoensis (Pecan tree), tree with yellow leaves in park. Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images The pecan tree, Carya illinoinensis, contains the sweetest nuts of all the hickory trees and is one of the most important native North American nut trees, though it can be a messy tree to grow due to leaf and fruit drop. It grows 70–100 feet tall with a spread of 40–75 feet. Its tolerant of acidic soils and only moderately tolerant of alkaline soils. Itll handle some poor drainage all right but not drought, salt spray, or salty soil. The bark is brownish black, and leaves are 18–24 inches long, containing nine to 17 narrow, long leaflets with a hook shape near each tip. Nuts are cylindrical. Carya cordiformis (Butternut hickory), green-leaved tree.   James Young/Getty Images The bitternut hickory, Carya cordiformis, also commonly called the swamp hickory, loves moist conditions and hates drought and poor drainage, though it can be found in some drier landscapes in addition to its typical low, wet conditions. It needs a large area to grow and can reach 50–70 feet high and 40–50 feet wide when mature. It prefers acidic soil but can tolerate alkaline. It can handle some salt spray but not salty soil. Leaves contain seven to 11 long, narrow leaflets. It grows bitter nuts that, although not poisonous, to humans are more of the inedible variety due to their taste. The nuts are about an inch long and have four-sectioned, thin husks. To identify the tree in winter, look for its bright yellow buds.

How to Write a Horror Story 7 Tips for Writing Horror

How to Write a Horror Story 7 Tips for Writing Horror How to Write a Horror Story: 7 Tips for Writing Horror In our era of highly commercialized crime and thriller novels, it may seem like zeitgeist-defining horror books are a thing of the past. Indeed, Stephen King was once the perennial bestselling author in the world, and children in the 90s devoured Goosebumps books like The Blob devoured, well, everything.But let’s not forget there’s a huge base of horror fans today, desperate for their next fix. So if you’re hoping to become the next Crown Prince of Dread, your dream can still come true! And the first step is learning how to write a horror story. 7 key tips to writing a blood-chilling horror story 😠± 1. Tap into common fearsThe most important part of any horror story is naturally going to be its fear factor. People don’t read horror for easy entertainment; they read it to be titillated and terrorized. That said, here are a few elements you can use to seriously scare the pants off your reader.Instinctive fearsFears that have some sort of logical or biological foundation are often the most potent in horror. Darkness, heights, snakes, and spiders - all these are extremely common phobias rooted in instinct. As a result, they tend to be very effective at frightening readers.This is especially true when terror befalls innocent characters apropos of nothing: a killer traps them in their house for no apparent reason, or they’re suddenly mugged by a stranger with a revolver. As horror writer Karen Woodward says, â€Å"The beating undead heart of horror is the knowledge that bad things happen to good people.†Monsters and supernatural entitiesThese stretch beyond the r ealm of logic and into the realm of the â€Å"uncanny,† as Freud called it. We all know that vampires, werewolves, and ghosts aren’t real, but that doesn’t mean they can’t shake us to our core. In fact, it’s the very uncertainty they arouse that makes them so sinister: what if monsters are really out there, we’ve just never seen them? This fear is one of the most prevalent in horror, but if you decide to write in this vein, your story has to be pretty convincing.Societal tensionsAnother great means of scaring people is to tap into societal tensions and concerns - a tactic especially prevalent in horror movies. Just in recent memory, Get Out tackles the idea of underlying racism in modern America, The Babadook examines mental health, and It Follows is about the stigma of casual sex. However, societal tensions can also easily be embodied in the pages of a horror story, as in Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery. Have you ever tried writing horror? Did you manage to scare yourself? Tell us in the comments!

The Membership of the European Union and Employment in the UK Essay

The Membership of the European Union and Employment in the UK - Essay Example However in late Britain tends to understand and respect its long-standing membership with such a potential body like the European Union (Euromove, 2011). In the current era, United Kingdom is thus making every endeavor to help resolve conflicts pertaining to ideologies through holding open discussion forums with the members of the European Union (Perth and Hope, 2011). The employment relation policies followed in the European Union can be understood as follows. Firstly the European Union requires the employer bodies in the different member states to encourage its members to actively participate in the formation of trade unions. In that, the employees are rendered the right to collectively bargain for their right in cases where they are deprived of such and also can hold strikes as a sign to protest against the decisions of the employer body. Secondly, the employment relation policies followed by the European Union also require the employers to form collective agreements with the employees or representative bodies of the employees in regards to issues on compensation systems, leave policies and working hours and conditions in the concern. These policies of the European Union are found to be active whether in regards to a single employer or a group of employers in regards to a specific business or diversified business categories (Business Link, n.d.) . In the third case, the European Union body also requires the different employers belonging to the companies in the member nations to openly consult and share potential information with the different employees or employee groups. This policy tends to enhance the level of transparency in regards to the employer-employee relationships in the member countries. Fourthly the employer bodies pertaining to the member nations are strictly required to have a word with the representative bodies of the employees in the light of working out a redundancy plan. Herein, the employer bodies are required to effectively state as to how many numbers of people they require to be made redundant with also stating the need for planning of such action. Further, the employer bodies are also required to state plans through which the company would tend to reemploy the redundant employees or help them gain a suitable position in the future.   The employers are also required to state in what manner they have calculated and arrived at the number of employees they require to be turned off and therein must also reflect on the pattern taken to effectively compensate such people. Similarly, in the fifth case, the European Union body also requires the employer bodies pertaining to the companies operating in the member countries to rightly inform the staff in cases of any change or transfer of ownership into new hands. Sixthly the European Union also requires the employer or the management team of the companies operating inside its member countries and possessing an employee base of around 20 to continually inform them about the economic and employment status of the concern. In that, the employers are also required to inform the internal people about any substantial changes that the employers consider to bring about in the near future.   However, the general legislation brought about by the European Union in regards to employment relations must also be effectively dealt with country or regi on-specific circumstances to help enhance its due efficacy.

Total reward approach to compensation and timeline Research Paper

Total reward approach to compensation and timeline - Research Paper Example Further, compensating the employees’ efforts remains a basic and foundational concept in employees’ retention and motivation. To ensure a comprehensive and fool proof operation of these types of compensations that are besides the salaries, most companies have established systems that recognize what is to be rewarded and how the process is supposed to take place (Kowalewski, College, & Phillips, 2012). These programs are called total rewards programs and are meant to direct the organization on how the employees are to be rewarded to ensure efficient motivation and maximum retention of the employees. The rewards program encompasses all things and activities that the employer regards as motivating from the employees point of view and which are valuable to the general and specific welfare of the employees. Although they include both monetary and non-monetary commodities, the financial and related rewards are the most notable and the foundation of rewards system in an organization settings. Most companies recognize four categories of rewards (Burris, 2012). There are the membership and seniority-based rewards, work status-based, competency-based and performance based rewards. The established system dictates what type of reward is to apply in each employee’s case and how these rewards are to be executed. This paper is aimed at designing a total rewards system based on Coca-Cola Company’s system. By exploring in details the total rewards system of the company, this paper will provide an insight on the basic contained in a specific system. To arrive at this design, the paper will first look into the company and its main objectives, missions and vision and an analysis of the reward system. It is from this analysis that the design will be developed. The Coca-Cola Company is undoubtedly the world largest manufacturer of beverages and soft drinks. It has been ranked the world’s number one brand on several occasions. Since 1889,

Alcohol Dependence Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Dependence Essay An alcoholic is a man or a woman who suffers from alcoholism they have a distinct physical desire to consume alcohol beyond their capacity to control it, regardless of all rules of common sense. According to Alcoholics Anonymous UK, who say they have no unique definition for alcoholism, it may be described as a physical compulsion, together with a mental obsession. Apart from having an enormous craving for alcohol, an alcoholic often yields to that craving at the worst possible times. The alcoholic knows neither when nor how to stop drinking. Definition an alcoholic is a person, while alcoholism is the illness. An alcoholic suffers from alcoholism. Alcoholism is a long-term (chronic) disease. Alcoholics are obsessed with alcohol and cannot control how much they consume, even if it is causing serious problems at home, work, and financially. Alcohol abuse generally refers to people who do not display the characteristics of alcoholism, but still have a problem with it they are not as dependent on alcohol as an alcoholic is; they have not yet completely lost their control over its consumption. Moderate alcohol consumption will not generally cause any psychological or physical harm. However, for some individuals, social drinking eventually leads to heavier and heavier alcohol consumption, which does cause serious health and psychological problems. Alcoholism in the UK one in every 13 people in the United Kingdom is an alcoholic, according to the NHS (National Health Service) statistics. Even among people who are not dependent on alcohol, a sizeable proportion drink too much. In the USA, 15% of Americans are problem drinkers, while between 5% to 10% of male and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol dependent, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The World Health Organization (WHO) says there are at least 140 million alcoholics in the world; unfortunately, the majority of them are not treated. A US study estimated that about 30% of Americans report having an alcohol disorder at some time in their lives. Alcohol consumption more severely affects women than men, according to a coordinated study carried out by researchers at RTI International, Pavlov Medical University, Leningrad Regional Center of Addictions, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. A Canadian study found that alcohol is a factor in 1 in 25 deaths worldwide. The British Medical Association says that alcohol kills six people in Scotland every day. The lifetime risk of alcohol-use disorders for men is more than 20%, with a risk of about 15% for alcohol abuse and 10% for alcohol dependence, according to researchers from the University of California, San Diego, USA. Alcohol consumption, when in moderation can have some positive effects on health. Moderate red wine drinking has several health benefits. Researchers at the University of Illinois found that injured patients with alcohol in their blood have a smaller chance of dying in hospital. The researchers said that their findings should not encourage people to drink. What are the symptoms of alcoholism? The signs of alcoholism and alcohol abuse are very similar, and are often just a question of degree or intensity. Typically, the last person to be aware that he/she has a serious drinking problem is the alcoholic himself/herself they are in denial. Some signs and symptoms of alcoholism as well as alcohol abuse include: Drinking alone. Drinking in secret. Not being able to limit how much alcohol is consumed. Blacking out not being able to remember chunks of time. Having rituals and being irritated/annoyed when these rituals are disturbed or commented on. This could be drinks before/during/after meals, or after work. Dropping hobbies and activities the person used to enjoy; losing interest in them. Feeling an urge to drink. Feeling irritable when drinking times approach. This feeling is more intense if the alcohol is not available, or there appears to be a chance it may not be available. Having stashes of alcohol in unlikely places. Gulping drinks down in order to get drunk and then feel good. Having relationship problems (triggered by drinking). Having problems with the law (caused by drinking). Having work problems (caused by drinking, or drinking as root cause). Having money problems (caused by drinking). Requiring a larger quantity of alcohol to feel its effect. Nausea, sweating, or even shaking when not drinking. A person who abuses alcohol may have many of these signs and symptoms but they do not have the withdrawal symptoms like an alcoholic does, nor the same degree of compulsion to drink. The problems linked to alcohol dependence are extensive, and affect the person physically, psychologically and socially. Drinking becomes a compulsion for a person with a drink problem it takes precedence over all other activities. It can remain undetected for several years. drunk man lying on the table with whiskey glass What is binge drinking? In the UK, binge drinking occurs when a man consumes more than eight units of alcohol and a woman consumes over six units in one sitting. Drinking large amounts of alcohol now-and-again is worse for the heath than frequently drinking small quantities. Binge drinking has become a growing problem in many countries, especially in the UK where 40% of emergency hospital admittances are alcohol-related. Sipping wine, beer or spirits three to four times per week increases the risk of binge drinking, particularly among young men, according to a study carried out by researchers from the Universite de Montreal and the University of Western Ontario. Men who drink 22 or more units of alcohol a week have a 20% higher rate of admissions into acute care hospitals than non-drinkers, researchers from the University of Glasgow found. Binge drinking among college students and heart disease researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago reported in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology that healthy young adults who regularly binge drink may have a higher risk of heart disease later in life. Senior author, Shane A. Phillips and team found that college binge drinkers show damage to blood vessels similar to that caused by high cholesterol and hypertension, both factors linked to heart disease. Phillips said Regular binge drinking is one of the most serious public health problems confronting our college campuses, and drinking on college campuses has become more pervasive and destructive. Binge drinking is neurotoxic and our data support that there may be serious cardiovascular consequences in young adults. What causes alcoholism (alcohol dependence)? Alcohol dependence is a gradual process which can take from a few years to several decades to become a problem with some very vulnerable people addiction can come in a question of months. Eventually, over time, regular alcohol consumption can disrupt the balance of the brain chemical GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which controls impulsiveness, as well as glutamate, which stimulates the nervous system. Brain levels of dopamine are raised when we consume alcohol dopamine levels may make the drinking experience more gratifying. Over the long- or medium-term, excessive drinking can significantly alter the levels of these brain chemicals, making the persons body crave alcohol in order to feel good and avoid feeling bad. These risk factors may also be linked to excessive drinking: Genes scientists say there are specific genetic factors which may make some people more likely to become addicted to alcohol, as well as other substances. People who have a family history of addiction are at higher risk for abusing alcohol. Alcoholics are six times more likely than nonalcoholic to have blood relatives who are alcohol dependent. Researchers from the Universidad de Granada, Spain, revealed that the lack of endorphin is hereditary, and thus that there is a genetic predisposition to become addicted to alcohol. The age of first alcoholic drink a study found that people who started drinking alcohol before the age of 15 were much more likely to have an alcohol problem later in life. Underage drinking in the USA is common 26. 6% of Americans under the legal age for alcohol consumption are drinking, a new report issued by SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services) informed in a new report. The authors explained that although some progress had been made in the short term to reduce underage drinking, especially among children aged up to 17 years, underage drinking rates are still excessively high in the USA. Of the 12-20 year olds who said they had drunk alcohol during the previous four weeks, 8. 7% had bought it themselves. Pamela S. Hyde, an AMHSA Administrator, said: Underage drinking should not be a normal part of growing up. Its a serious and persistent public health problem that puts our young people and our communities in danger. Even though drinking is often glamorized, the truth is that underage drinking can lead to poor academic performance, sexual assault, injury, and even death. Smoking, especially non-daily smokers A study by Yale University researchers found that non-daily smokers are five times more likely to have a problem with alcohol compared to people who have never smoked. Easy access Experts say there is a correlation between easy access to alcohol (cheap prices) and alcohol abuse and alcohol-related deaths. A US study found a strong link between alcohol tax increases in 1983 and 2002 and a significant drop in deaths related to alcohol use in one American state the effect was found to be nearly two to four times that of other prevention strategies such as school programs or media campaigns. Stress some stress hormones are linked to alcoholism. If our levels of stress, anxiety are high some of us may consume alcohol in an attempt to blank out the upheaval. Military service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan are likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders simultaneously, according to researchers at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Peer drinking people who have friends who drink regularly or abuse alcohol are more likely to drink excessively and eventually have an alcohol problem. Low self-esteem experts say that people with low self-esteem who have alcohol readily available are more likely to abuse it. Depression people with depression may deliberately or unwittingly use alcohol as a means of self-treatment. On the other hand, a statistical modeling study suggested that alcohol abuse may lead to depression risk, rather than vice versa. Media and advertising in some countries alcohol is portrayed as a glamorous, worldly and cool activity. Many experts believe that alcohol advertising and media coverage of it may convey the message that excessive drinking is acceptable. The Royal College of Physicians is asking for a European Union ban on alcohol advertising to protect children. How the body processes (metabolizes) alcohol people who need comparatively more alcohol to achieve an effect have a higher risk of eventually having an alcohol problem, a study carried out by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, found. Ads by Google Liver Damage Symptoms If You Have These 3 Symptoms You May Have Liver Damage. See Now. hearthappy. com 90% Lower Alcohol Craving New Way To Help Drinking Problems. Verified 90% Success Rate! declinol. com Heart Attack Signs? Know the 4 Bodily Signs. Take The Simple Heart Test Now www. simplehearttest. com How is alcoholism diagnosed? In the USA a person must meet the criteria laid out in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). This includes a pattern of alcohol abuse which leads to considerable impairment or distress. The patient should experience at least three of the criteria below during the past 12 months: Alcohol tolerance the patient needs a large quantity of alcohol to feel intoxicated. However, when the liver is damaged and cannot metabolize the alcohol so well, this tolerance may drop. Damage to the central nervous system may also reduce tolerance levels. Withdrawal symptoms when the patient abstains from alcohol or cuts down he/she experiences tremors, insomnia, nausea or anxiety. Typically, the patient drinks more to avoid these symptoms. Beyond intentions the patient ends up drinking more alcohol, or drinks for a longer period than he/she intended. Unsuccessfully attempting to cut down the patient is continuously trying to cut down alcohol consumption, but does not succeed. Or the patient has a persistent desire to cut down. Time consuming the patient spends a lot of time obtaining, using or recovering from alcohol consumption. Withdrawal the patient withdraws from recreational, social, or occupational activities. This did not used to be the case. Persistence the patient carries on consuming alcohol even though he/she knows it is harming him/her physically and psychologically. Some signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse may be due to another condition, or simple aging, such as memory problems, or falling. Some patients may go to their doctor about a medical condition, such as a digestive problem, and not mention their alcohol abuse. It is not always easy for a doctor to identify candidates for alcohol dependency screening. If a doctor suspects alcohol may be a problem, he/she may ask a series of questions if the patient answers in a certain way the doctor may go on to use a standardized questionnaire. A single question can identify unhealthy alcohol use in patients, a study revealed. Blood tests can only reveal very recent alcohol consumption. They cannot tell whether a person has been drinking heavily for a long time. If a blood test reveals that the red blood cells have increased in size it could be an indication of long-term alcohol abuse. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) this is a test which helps detect heavy alcohol consumption. It is a blood test. There are other tests which can indicate whether the liver has been damaged, or whether a man has reduced testosterone levels however, screening with a good questionnaire is seen as the most effective means for an accurate diagnosis. Most alcoholics deny they have a problem and tend to minimize the extent of their drinking. Talking to family members may help the doctor in his/her diagnosis (permission will be needed for this). Complications of alcoholism and alcohol abuse Usually, drinking alcohol initially elevates the persons mood. However, after a long period of regular heavy drinking the persons nervous system will become depressed and the drinker will become sedated by alcohol. Alcohol may undermine a persons judgment; it can lower inhibitions and alter the drinkers thoughts, emotions and general behavior. Heavy regular drinking can have a serious effect on a persons ability to coordinate his/her muscles and speak properly. Heavy binge drinking could cause the patient to go into coma. Eventually, regular heavy drinking may cause at least one of the following problems: Fatigue the patient is tired most of the time. Memory loss especially the patients short-term memory. Eye muscles the eye muscles can become significantly weaker. Liver diseases the patient has a considerably higher chance of developing hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible and progressive condition. Gastrointestinal complications the patient can develop gastritis, or pancreas damage. These problems also seriously undermine the bodys ability to digest food, absorb certain vitamins, and produce hormones which regulate metabolism. Hypertension regular heavy drinking invariably raises the persons blood pressure. Heart problems regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and stroke. Diabetes alcoholics have a very high risk of developing diabetes type 2. Patients who have diabetes will invariably have serious complications if they are regular heavy drinkers of alcohol. Alcohol prevents the release of glucose from the liver, causing hypoglycemia. A person with diabetes is already taking insulin to lower his/her blood sugar levels hypoglycemia could be devastating. Menstruation alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it. Erectile dysfunction alcoholic men are much more likely to have problems getting an erection, or sustaining one. Fetal alcohol syndrome women who abuse alcohol during their pregnancy are much more likely to have babies with birth defects, including a small head, heart problems, shortened eyelids, as well as developmental and cognitive problems. Thinning bones alcoholics invariably suffer from thinning of the bones because alcohol interferes with the production of new bone. This means an increased risk of fractures. Nervous system problems alcoholism often causes numbness in the extremities, dementia and confused/disordered thinking. Cancer alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several cancers, including cancer of the mouth, esophagus, liver, colon, rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx. An international study found that the key causes of bowel cancer are alcohol and smoking. In fact, even moderate alcohol consumption is linked to a higher incidence of cancer among women, a study found. Another study found that consuming just two or more drinks per day could increase a persons risk of pancreatic cancer by about 22%. Accidents alcoholics are vulnerable to injuries from falls, car crashes, being run over, etc. The NIH says that over half of all American traffic deaths are alcohol-related. Domestic abuse alcohol is a major factor in spouse beating, child abuse, and conflicts with neighbors. Work (school) problems employment problems, unemployment, school problems, are often alcohol-related. Suicide suicide rates among people who are alcohol-dependent or who abuse alcohol are much higher than among other people. Mental illness alcohol abuse can cause mental illness and make existing mental illnesses worse. Problems with the law the percentage of alcoholics who end up in court or in prison is significantly higher compared to the rest of the population. reaching for the whiskey glass Treatment for alcohol dependencySome medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use may benefit from a brief intervention, say researchers from Boston University School of Medicine. The first step for the alcoholic is to acknowledge that there is an alcohol dependency problem. The next step is to get help. In most of the world there are several support groups and professional services available. A study found that people with a stable psychosocial life situation often delay in seeking help for their alcohol problems even though they are serious. In another study, published in March 2012, scientists from Norway re-analyzed data from old trials that tested LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) for the treatment of alcoholism and concluded that a single dose of the psychedelic drug was effective in decreasing alcohol misuse. Researchers from the Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, informed in Frontiers in Pharmacology in October 2012 that veterans who smoke have a higher risk of alcohol abuse relapse than non-smokers. They added that smoking while trying to give up drinking impairs memory, learning and other cognitive skills, which undermine successful sobriety. The following are recognised treatment options for alcoholism: Do-it-yourself experts say about 30% of people with an alcohol problem manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without seeking professional help. There is a great deal of material in books and the internet that may help the self-helper. Counseling a qualified counselor can help the alcoholic talk through his/her problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking. CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol dependency. Treating underlying problems the alcoholic may have a problem with self-esteem, stress, anxiety, depression, or some other mental health problem. It is important to treat these problems too. It is crucial for the alcoholic to realize that drinking will probably make mental health problems worse. As alcoholics commonly suffer from hypertension, liver diseases, and possibly heart diseases, these will need to be treated too. Residential programs residential programs are ideal for some people. They include expert professional help, individual or group therapy, support groups, training, family involvement, activity therapy, and a host of strategies that are aimed at treating the alcoholic successfully. Some people find that being physically away from access to temptation is a great help. Drug that provokes a severe reaction to alcohol Antabuse (disulfiram) causes a severe reaction when somebody drinks alcohol, including nausea, flushing, vomiting and headaches. It is a deterrent. It will not treat the alcoholics compulsion and will not cure alcoholism. Drugs for cravings Naltrexone (ReVia) may help with the urge to have a drink. Acamprosate (Campral) may help with cravings. Hormone ghrelin Researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, have discovered a new brain mechanism involved in alcohol addiction involving the stomach hormone ghrelin. When ghrelins actions in the brain are blocked, alcohols effects on the reward system are reduced. It is an important discovery that could lead to new therapies for addictions such as alcohol dependence. Detoxification the patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal symptoms (delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they give up drinking. Treatment usually lasts from four to seven days. Chlordiazepoxide, a benzodiazepine medication, is frequently used for detoxification (detox). Doses will be initially high, and will then taper off. It is important that the patient abstains completely from alcohol during the detox. Staying on the wagon (remaining abstinent) some patients find the detox acheivable, but start drinking again soon after, or some time later. It is important to remember Samuel Johnsons phrase If at first you dont succeed. Try, try, and try again. Success rates are significantly improved if the patient has access to counseling or some support group. Family support is crucial. Sometimes a good GP can provide vital support. A study found that genetics is a factor in predicting the risk of relapse among alcohol-dependent patients. Further Reading: What is Alcohol Poisoning? What are the Dangers of Alcohol Poisoning? Written by Christian Nordqvist Copyright: Medical News Today

The Hon. Dr :: essays research papers

Among the gay press's responses to my 1993 book A Place at the Table was the charge by some critics that I'm "sex-negative." Frank Browning griped that I want to "to have everyone put on 30 pounds, buy a Brooks Brothers suit, and wander off on the golf links, becoming [an] upper-class version of Ozzie and Harry. Those who don't want to take risks should join Mr. Bawer on the golf course. Those who want to feel alive will benefit from the exploration of our bodies and what our bodies can grant." Golf? Ozzie and Harry? Brooks Brothers? What, I wondered, does any of this have to do with what I've written? I've never been on a golf course. Or worn a Brooks Brothers suit. And when did I join the upper class? Of course I want gay people to enjoy what their bodies can grant. I also want them to have equal rights under the law, the love and respect of their friends and families, and a meaningful life beyond their orgasms. I want gay kids to grow up knowing that, as wonderful as sex can be, gay identity amounts to more than belonging to a "culture of desire." Browning and others mocked me for being "serious." Well, isn't discovering oneself as a gay individual in this society a serious challenge? Isn't gay rights a serious issue? Being serious about gay rights in public discourse doesn't preclude being able to have fun in one's personal life. Yet if some right-wing critics can't write about homosexuality without smirking, some gay writers seem unable to address the subject without prattling frivolously about their own sex lives and longings. Which is a shame, because it's vitally important for us to recognize that at the heart of homophobia lies an inability to see that gays can love each other as deeply and as seriously as straights can. Explaining why he'd refused to print my review of the film Longtime Companion, an American Spectator editor told a New York Observer reporter, "Bawer was striking a total equivalence between a heterosexual couple in love and a homosexual couple in love. To me, that wasn't convincing." That editor isn't alone in rejecting the idea of the moral equivalence of gays and straights. It's not only heterosexuals who draw these sex-related distinctions. "The defining thing about being gay," a gay man tells Susan Bergman in her new memoir, Anonymity, "is that you like to have sex a lot.

Modern Nco: Maintaining a Marine’s Heritage

Since the Marine Corps’ beginnings, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) have played an important role in the many successes in the Corps and in the United States. Obviously, the modern NCO today might be a bit different than when the Marine Corps was first established on November 10, 1775, but they uphold and are the complete embodiment of the Corp’s history and traditions in values of honor, courage, and the commitment to the NCO creed. Honor guides the Marines to exemplify the ultimate in ethical and moral behavior, and to respect others as well as themselves.In the Marine Corps, practically every custom, both written and unwritten, has stemmed from the conduct of past Marines. It is only appropriate that our Marines today recognize this and dutifully portray this in their everyday as well as in combat. On every battlefield that our country has been on since the founding of the Corps, Marines have been there to defeat all enemies, both foreign and domestic. Within these battlefields, there have been NCOs that have fought, led, and died in combat—to complete their mission and to protect their fellow Marines fighting alongside them.An NCO must always keep in mind mission accomplishment and the welfare of their men and woman. This needs to be displayed in the workplace as well. It is the responsibility of NCOs to make sure that their junior marines know what it is to honorably be â€Å"a Marine†. This means that their conduct as a Marine is to be carried on to an NCOs civilian side as well. Having courage doesn’t mean that you can’t be scared; it means you push forward in the midst of fear. Along with carrying the honor of being a Marine, modern NCOs carry the courage one needs to be successful in both combat and as a civilian.There have been many in the corps who have displayed courageous acts. It is the duty of an NCO, as well as all Marines, to have the courage, that inner strength to do what it right and adhere to a hig her standard of conduct, and to make tough decisions under hard stress and pressure. It is said in the first line of the NCO creed that an NCO is â€Å"dedicated to training new Marines and influencing the old. † Dedicated. Dedication is what makes the Corps so unique. The modern Marine NCO is supposed to be dedicated. Dedicated to the work that he or she does on a daily basis.Dedicated to the life he leads for his or her junior marines. Dedicated to themselves, having personal integrity in all that they do. To close, The most outstanding custom in the Marine Corps is simply â€Å"being a Marine† and all that it implies. Call it morale, call it what you will—it is that pride which sets a United States Marine apart from the men of other armed services. It is not taught in manuals, yet it is the most impressive lesson a recruit learns in boot camp. It is not tangible, yet it has won fights against material odds. Senator Paul H.Douglas said it best: â€Å"Those of us who have had the privilege of serving in the Marine Corps value our experience as among the most precious of our lives. The fellowship of shared hardships and dangers in a worthy cause creates a close bond of comradeship. It is the basic reason for the cohesiveness of Marines and for the pride we have in our corps and our loyalty to each other. † An NCO is proud of his Corps and believes it to be second to none. He is carries the honor of the Corp’s heritage, courageous, and loyal to his comrades and to the Marine Corps, adhering always to the motto Semper Fidelis (Always Faithful).

Equality and Diversity Essay

I am writing a reflective account on how my personal beliefs and experience’s influenced my professional interaction with various groups and individuals. For example my first job in the care industry was working at a nursing home for residents with all forms of Alzheimer’s. I had never done this type of work before, so my first day for me was both a new experience and environment. I had never dealt with people who have a communication barrier, where they could not express their emotions. see more:champion equality diversity and inclusion Before having worked in the care home, and not having any knowledge on Alzheimer’s, I would have categorised them all in the same box, i. . all being the same as opposed to possibly having different stages and levels of Alzheimer’s. I also found it hard to grasp and understand how you could forget the basic aspects of what we do in everyday life i. e. eating, drinking and remembering your own name. I therefor found it hard to communicate and engage with them, as I did not understand their condition. Prior to working with Alzheimer’s patients I had never come across somebody who, not only had Alzheimer’s, but in addition was hard of hearing and/or partially sighted. I found this difficult at first because I didn’t know how to interact with them. I overcame this by learning to understand each one of their characteristics, by the way they spoke, mannerisms, their body language and by getting to know them as an individual. I learnt how I could interact with them on a one to one level and ascertain their needs and requirements. Alzheimer’s patients need a certain level of care, therefore I undertook training that was offered by my place of employment. This included a person first and dementia second course which explained how the resident should always come before the dementia and how their best interests should always be taken into account as a first priority. In addition I undertook a course on palliative care. This taught me how to care for somebody who was in their finally stages of dementia ,in terms of assisting them, improving their quality of life and by providing increased comfort by promoting their dignity towards the end of their life. I also took a course in movement and handling where I learnt how to manoeuvre my residents in a safe manner by either using sliding sheets or hoisting equipment, these techniques helped me to assist them with as little discomfort as possible. Some of our residents are unable o communicate with us and are unable to express feelings of discomfort or pain, so this course was beneficial to me because it provided a safe way for me to move my residents with ease. If i was to continue exclusively in this line of nursing, I could do NVQ courses in health and social care with my place or of work, and attend courses they provide for me. If I wanted to further my career I could potentially go onto university and train to be a mental health nurse. This will enable me to be more aware of how this disease can start and what’s involved in the long term. Following Gibbs framework on reflection (1998) stage 5; I conclude from this experience that I have gained more patience with others by understanding their different needs. I have learnt how to communicate on different levels, with residents, family members, colleagues and senior professionals i. e. doctors and nurses which I struggled with initially. I have become more compassionate as a result of dealing with the end of life process, so my personal beliefs or thought process will not influence my professional interaction with dementia patience because I have gained a better understanding of their condition.

Different Types Of Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essays

Different Types Of Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essays Different Types Of Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Different Types Of Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Law thinks that Tourism has become one of the largest and most influential industries in the universe. It has created incomputable value for the environment, societies and civilizations. ( as cited in Seldjan and Donald, 2009 ) But at the same clip, touristry as an characteristic industry has its ain guilt and detrimental effects in socio-cultural and environmental footings ( Opperman and Chon, 1997 as cited in Nevenka, 2002 ) . With the planetary accent on sustainable development, a turning proportion of the touristry research has paid attending on the sustainable touristry. Although a elaborate treatment of sustainability is hard, but in order to understand the positions are emerging of sustainable touristry now, and can work out utile schemes about the hereafter development of touristry at finish countries. ( Hunter,2002 ) The purpose of this essay is through understanding the definition and discoursing different types of sustainable touristry ( ST ) to happen new attack and do new scheme to accomplish ST. This paper begins with the readings of the construct of sustainable development ( SD ) and definition of ST. Then will discourse the cardinal information of Tourism, for illustration the two types of it. Concluding measure is to necessitate recommended schemes and attacks. Sustainable Development As the World Commission on Environment and Development s Report ( WCED ) , the definition of SD is Sustainable development is development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain needs. It involves within it two cardinal constructs, the first is to run into the demands of the universe s hapless precedence. The 2nd is purely limit the position quo of engineering and societal organisation on the environment s ability in order to run into the demands in nowadays and hereafter. Argument has described such correlate of import constructs as: SD needs to prehend the chance to fulfill their desire to do life better ; At least SD must non endanger the nature systems that provide resources for life on Earth ; SD requires that the rate of ingestion of non-renewable resources should cut down as few hereafter options as possible ; SD must protect the works and animate beings species and cut down the inauspicious impacts on H 2O and the quality of air in order to keep the overall unity of the ecosystem. ( Geneva, 1987 ) Turner argued that Interpretation of SD can be divided into the scope from really strong to really weak . ( as cited in Hunter, 1997 ) There are four major SD places and two cardinal issues of argument are selected for amplification. Weak sustainability places highlight the possibility of capital permutation and the strength of the proficient procedure to to relieve resource ingestion and pollution jobs. Strong sustainability places Recognize the chief value of the care of ecosystem map and unity through human resources. ( Hunter, 1997 ) Sustainable touristry With the popularisation of the construct of sustainable development in the WCED, the same as other industries and Fieldss of academic research, sustainable touristry besides responded to the construct of sustainable development. World Tourism Organization expressed sustainable touristry merely as Tourism that takes full history of its current and future economic, societal and environmental impacts, turn toing the demands of visitants, the industry, the environment and host communities. Sustainability rules related to environmental, economic and socio-cultural facets of touristry development, these three countries is of import to represent a suited balance in order to guarantee its long-run sustainability. So ST should: take full advantage of environmental resources to keep indispensable ecological procedures and the protection of natural heritage and biodiversity, which is the cardinal factor in sustainable touristry development. Respect for the genuineness of the socio-cultural and protect their original civilization and traditional values while advancing inter-cultural apprehension and tolerance. Ensure economic long-run operation for an just distribution of socio-economic benefit to all stakeholders. Benefit include stable employment, chances of income earing and societal services. At same clip contribute to the hapless country. ( unwto, 2012 ) ST as sawed-off forms to two variants-light viridities ( LG ) and dark green ( DG ) by Hunter ( 2002 ) . Under normal fortunes, these two discrepancies are applicable to different degrees, from the person concern up to a national touristry development program or policy statement. Peoples adhere to the DG merely like pupils are more interested in ecology, geographics and the environmental scientific disciplines in the school, and are likely to stand for positions from prophylactic or knowledge-based positions by Jafari ( 1989 ) . And advocators of LG merely like pupils who merely focus on usage which natural resources can acquire profit, and are likely to show positions from advocator and adaptancy positions by Jafari ( 1989 ) . ( Hunter, 2002 ) An illustration of sustainable touristry is around Rimini, Italy and Calvia, Spain. It is a Life Environment undertaking. Its called Strategies and Tools for Sustainable Tourism in Mediterranean Coastal Areas. After about four million tourers descend each twelvemonth, their beaches and the finishs are hunt for associate economic and societal facets to esteem the environment. This undertaking has three actions include: A comprehensive scheme for the direction of coastal countries in mass touristry finishs. Help private operators improve environment public presentation. Enhance tourer and circuit operator consciousness on environmental issues. ( sustainabletourism, 2012 ) Mass touristry and Alternate touristry There are two cardinal signifiers in ST that are Mass touristry ( MT ) and Alternate touristry ( AT ) . Vanhove argue that Mass touristry is a batch of people enjoy going in the same topographic point, which is its first characteristic. The term aa‚Â ¬Amass touristry means that the vacation is standardized, stiffly packaged and inflexible ( as cited in Julien ) Mass touristry has dominated the full touristry industry for many old ages, more and more negative impacts of environment, people began to pay attending to a new signifier of tourism-alternative touristry. Increase involvement in alternate touristry is besides weaken mass touristry. ( Julien ) Academic wage more and more attending in alternate touristry, Alternative touristry has been a assortment of accounts, such as Weaver A ; Lawton ( 2002 ) argued that is polarized antonym and replacement for mass touristry ( as cited in Rami.K.I, 2010 ) and Butler ( 1992 ) argued that is yet others speak of a transmutation in all touristry towards more benign signifiers ( as cited in Rami.K.I,2010 ) Harmonizing to comparing between mass touristry and alternate touristry of Butler ( 1990: cited in Gartner, 1996. P.338-342 ) General Features: the fast development is MT features, it focus on growing the economic but ignore environment issues and sociol jobs. The development will go unmanageable cause MT, it merely concentrate on develop rapidly instead than sustainable development. As focal point on environmental and societal factors that AT development is slow, but seek to happen the economic benefits from a long-run position. Tourist Behaviour: a big figure of tourer would wish travel to purchase the keepsake, but they did non recognize the tradition civilization deeply in MT. A little group of tourer who like to hold a conversation with local people and genuinely be effected by civilization. Basic Requirements: Meitneriums have two utmost consequences of development, because it has seasonality. AT can be anytime. The last comparing is Tourism Development Schemes: many scenic are being overdeveloped, take to cut down the proportion of traditional industries, eventually the local people did non acquire benefit yet in MT. Rely more on the local labour force and the original beginning of financess to develop itself in AT. ( as cited in Narueporn. L, 1999 ) Complexity of the touristry system Simple method can non understand the touristry as stakeholders in a complex system of stakeholders. External and internal can impact all types of stratification, including subsystems, and influenced by related behaviour will take a unpredictable consequences. For touristry industry it is necessary to understand the relationship, significance, underlying values and issues of each faculty of complex system and need ability balance for each parts that can better sustainable touristry development. ( Janine.R.M, 2009 ) There are some features of complex touristry system. First is a big figure of foundations and agents, its impaction is flexibility reciprocality. Second is polystage and decked in nature. Third newness outgrowth ceaseless and self-organisation. Fourthly it has possible that input a small to the system can hold distinguishable alteration. These features were summarized by Cilliers, 1998 ; Coveney A ; Highfield, 1995 ; Geldof, 1995 ; Prigogine A ; Stengers, 1985 ; Waldrop, 1992. ( as cited in Janine.R.M, 2009 ) Challenges, new strategic and attack There is a major challenge to sustainability for now and the hereafter, how to specify sustainable touristry, and this definition need intermix into the environmental factors used in concurrence. ( Randy J.V. A ; Megha.B, 2011 ) another is hard to make balance of each of stakeholders which base on protect environment. ( Nicolae.C and Cristina.P, 2010 ) So happen an appropriate strategic and attack is of import. Hall ( 2000 ) notes that scheme of sustainable touristry planning and development seeks is to accomplish that addition experience of common influence between the visitants and resources while protecting the resource value, to maximise protect who is the stakeholders of their state s economic, societal and environmental. ( as cited in Lisa, R, 2010 ) There is am attacks called community- based attacks. Kirsten and Rogerson ( 2002 ) argued It provides greater chances of involve the local concern by combine with limited environmental and societal impacts. ( as cited in Gianna, 2007 ) Hall ( 2005 ) thought this attacks are popular for touristry, because local stakeholders tough it can understand that the determinations about the types and locations of proposed touristry development. ( as cited in Gianna, 2007 ) Decision Tourism is an of import industry of the procedure of achieve sustainable development. It has been assist a batch of states developed, and contribute for economic in whole universe. But environmental and societal jobs besides emergent in present clip. So it is necessary transportation original signifier of development, that is sustainable development. For touristry industry is sustainable touristry. In this paper, harmonizing to a batch of writers perspective, it help readers recognize definition and feature of ST and SD easy. SD is the foundation of long-run economic operation that can run into demands and make better life. ( Geneva, 1987 ) This paper besides discuss two key signifiers of touristry. Both MT and AT affect the environment and economic. Detail about feature of each signifier is in MT and AT portion. Besides discuss the complex touristry system, it is necessary to equilibrate ability of each faculty. Finally harmonizing to sum up challenge to happen new strategic and attacks to accomplish ST. The cardinal point of strategic and attacks is develop economic at the same clip must non destruct environment. ( Geneva, 1987 )

Should You Become a Special Education Teacher

Should You Become a Special Education Teacher Are you ready for a very demanding, challenging yet very worthwhile and rewarding career? 10 Questions 1. Do you enjoy working with children with special needs? Are you committed to helping those in need achieve their potential?Some of the types of disabilities youll be working with include: learning disabilities, speech or language impairments, mental retardation, emotional disturbance (behavioral, mental FAS etc.), multiple disabilities, hearing impairments, orthopedic impairments, visual impairments, autism (autism spectrum), combined deafness and blindness, traumatic brain injury, and other health impairments. 2. Do you have the required certification? Certification/licenses to qualify you to teach?Special education certification will differ according to educational jurisdiction. North American Qualification 3. Do you have endless patience?I spent many months working with a child with Cerebral Palsy with the main goal being achieving a yes/no response. After months of working on this, it was achieved and she would raise her hand for yes and shake her head for no. These kinds of things are often just taken for granted, this was a very big learning leap for this child and made the world of difference. It took endless patience. 4. Do you enjoy teaching life skills and basic literacy/numeracy?Basic life skills overview here. 5. Are you comfortable doing the ongoing and what seems like endless paperwork required? IEPs, curricular modifications, referrals, progress reports, committee notes, community liaison forms/notes etc. 6. Do you enjoy assistive technology? There are more and more assistive devices available to students with special needs, you will be on a continuous learning curve to learn about the technologies available to students. 7. Are you comfortable with the inclusive model and teaching in a variety of settings? More and more special educators are supporting special needs student within the regular classroom. Sometimes, teaching in special education could mean having a small class of all life skills students or a class with students with autism. In some cases, there will be a variety of setting from small rooms for withdrawal combined with special and the inclusive classroom. 8. Are you able to handle stress?Some special educators burn out easily due to the additional stress levels caused by heavy workloads, administrative tasks and very difficult to handle students. 9. Are you able to develop good working relationships with a wide range of professionals, community service agents, and families? It is important to be empathetic and very understanding when working with the many individuals involved in the students behalf. The key to success is often a direct result of having exceptional relationships at all levels. You need to feel that you have a very strong ability to work as part of a team in a cooperative and collaborative manner. 10. The Bottom Line: You need to feel very strongly about your ability to impact the future of children with disabilities. If your main personal goal is to have a positive impact and to make a positive difference in the lives of children with disabilities this may well be the profession for you. It takes a special teacher to become a special education teacher.

Motivational Issues in Modern Management Research Paper

Motivational Issues in Modern Management - Research Paper Example This is due to the reason that employee motivation is directly related with the performance of the business organization. It has been ascertained that there are various factors that may influence the motivation level of employees. In order to eliminate the motivational issues, managers are required to develop an understanding regarding the individual differences and implement the appropriate motivational models and approaches. Problem (Issue) Statement The modern business environment is ascertained to be highly complex and dynamic. In such circumstances, it is quite difficult for the organizations to sustain business efficiently. There are also numerous internal and external factors that serve as the threats for the survival for the modern business organization. Therefore, it is essential for the modern business organizations to ensure that employees within the organizations reveal their commitment and dedication towards the attainment of the common organizational goals and objective s (Kreisman, 2002). However, it can be argued that in the contemporary business environment the issues such as employee commitment, retention and productivity have emerged as the serious workforce challenges concerning the future prospects of the modern organizations. In order to get the best work from the employees, contemporary managers are required to consider the various aspects both internal related with the management of employees and external factors. In this regard, employee motivation is considered as a strong determinant that has a significant impact on the behavior and the commitment of employees. Moreover, employee motivation can be regarded as an intricate and a much sophisticated topic, with which he contemporary managers are required to deal with in order to ensure the organizational success. In order to acquire adequate understanding regarding employees’ motivation; it has become imperative for the managers to recognize the importance of employee well-being, i ts concepts, as well as differences in individual needs. Nonetheless, the imperative requirement for comprehending and applying employee motivation has been considered as the core issue for organizations and managers. This is due to the reason that employee motivation has radical impact on the performance of the organization and it also acts as a critical factor that decides the success and failure of the organizations. Precisely stating, employee motivation has a significant influence on the behavior of employees to react in one or the other way. It can be argued that there is a greater requirement undertaking certain specific approaches for the managers to draw an understanding regarding the behavior of employees. In the modern management practices, motivating employees and directing their joint efforts towards the accomplishment of the broad organizational goals have emerged as one of the most challenging tasks for the modern managers. At the same time, it is a global fact that e very individual possesses certain unique characteristics and is different from the others in one or the other way. Thus, it can be argued that no standard model is sufficient for addressing the motivational factor. Correspondingly, it has become essential for the managers to implement diverse motivational models in order to realize the discriminating needs of the employees (Kim, 2006). Data Analysis It has